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Understanding Neuropathy in Seniors

As we age, our bodies experience a series of changes—some apparent, others less so. One such underreported condition in many senior citizens is neuropathy. Characterized by nerve damage causing numbness, tingling, and pain, specifically in the hands and feet. Learning more about this ailment can help seniors better cope and improve their everyday lives.

What Is Neuropathy?

Neuropathy, or peripheral neuropathy, arises when the peripheral nerves—nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord—are damaged. These nerves help to transport messages from the central nervous system to the rest of the body. If damaged, these messages can be impaired, leading to pain, weakness, or coordination problems. In seniors, it is increasingly common and has the potential to significantly impair one’s lifestyle. Learning about its causes, symptoms, and treatments is necessary to manage the condition and spread awareness. 

What Causes Neuropathy in Seniors?

The causes of neuropathy can vary, but often include diabetes, infections, genetic conditions, and exposure to toxins. Some common causes include:

  • Diabetes: This is the number one cause of neuropathy in seniors, often called peripheral neuropathy, and is considered a common complication caused by diabetes. The nerves in the extremities, in turn, become more damaged due to the excess of sugar in the bloodstream.
  • Vitamin Deficiencies: B vitamins, particularly vitamin B12, deficiencies are common among aging persons and may damage nerves.
  • Medications: Some drugs, especially those used for chemotherapy or infection therapy, may have neuropathy as a secondary reaction.
  • Chronic Disease: Kidney disease, liver disease, and autoimmune disorders can all result in nerve damage.
  • Alcohol Use: Abuse of alcohol can lead to nutritional deficiencies and toxic effects on nerves.
  • Infections: Certain viral and bacterial infections, including shingles and Lyme disease, can damage nerves.
  • Age-related changes: Nerve function and healing can be compromised by the processes of aging itself.

What Are The Symptoms of Neuroapathy?

Neuropathy often manifests differently in each individual based on which nerves are affected. Symptoms can increase the risk of falls, injuries, and infections, especially if they go unnoticed or remain untreated. Some common symptoms include:

  • Reduced sensation or feelings of temperature, especially in the hands and feet
  • Tingling or burning sensations
  • Stabbing, sharp, or throbbing pain
  • Muscle cramping or weakness
  • Dizziness or loss of coordination and balance
  • Numbness or decreased ability to sense temperature
  • Hyperesthesia to touch

What Are The Treatment Options For Neuropathy?

Neuropathy diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and neurological examination. Blood tests, imaging studies, or nerve conduction tests may be performed to detect underlying causes and quantify nerve function. The treatment of neuropathy can be decided after determining the root cause and evaluating the appropriate options for symptom relief. Some treatment options include:

  • Medications: Pain relief, anti-seizure drugs, and antidepressants may help give symptomatic relief.
  • Injections: Neuropathy injections, such as nerve blocks, can be used to manage pain. Other types of injections, like vitamin B12 injections, may also be used to address deficiencies that contribute to neuropathy.
  • Physical therapy: Exercise can improve strength and coordination.
  • Nutritional supplementation: Supplements can be recommended to help balance any deficiencies.
  • Lifestyle changes: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper foot care are a must.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoid further nerve damage and enhance quality of life.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you or someone around you has symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, it is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Early evaluation will lead to improved management and prevention of complications. 

Managing neuropathy involves an aggressive approach that includes regular medical check-ups, monitoring of symptoms, and adjustments in daily habits. Family members and caregivers also play a vital role in identifying warning signs and reminding seniors of treatment protocols. 

With proper management and lifestyle adjustments, individuals with neuropathy can be independent and reduce the disruption of this disease on their quality of life.

References

Written for Senior Industry Services by Lauren Hope Bartling

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